Date
Monday, July 20, 2026
Time
2:30 PM - 3:00 PM
Location Name
Room 10, Level 2
Name
Colossus WRP: Partnerships Driving Sustainability and Ceramic MBR at xAI’s Supercomputer in Memphis
Track
Drinking Water Emerging Issues
Description
As information technologies like AI rapidly evolve, data centers have become critical infrastructure, powering everything from cloud computing to machine learning. Despite their innovation-forward image, these facilities have a significant water footprint – taxing local utilities and water-strained communities. This presentation explores the unique approach taken by xAI to supply recycled water to its own Colossus supercomputer and surrounding energy production and private industry in Memphis, Tennessee. The Colossus Water Recycling Plant (CWRP) will be a one-of-a-kind facility, drawing on partnerships with the City of Memphis for the use of secondary-treated wastewater from the T.E. Maxson Wastewater Treatment Facility (WWTF) and TVA and local industry as end users of up to 13 MGD of high-quality reuse water produced by the CWRP. xAI, in leveraging its own need for large volumes of water for cooling Colossus, has orchestrated these distinctive partnerships that will result in significant reduction of groundwater withdrawn from the Memphis Sands Aquifer, the sole drinking water supply for the City of Memphis, southwestern Tennessee and southeastern Arkansas. Collaboratively designed by xAI and Gresham Smith and currently under construction, the CWRP will be the world’s largest ceramic flat plate membrane bioreactor upon completion. xAI’s familiarity with the operational benefits of ceramic membranes coupled with the fact that the T.E. Maxson WWTF receives more than half of its influent flow from industrial sources drove the selection of flat plate ceramic membrane modules as the core technology for the CWRP. However, scaling the ceramic system to a design permeate production rate of 13.0 MGD introduced design challenges. The inherent modularity of the membrane unit (stackable/interlinked square modules) meant that a vast quantity is required to achieve the production rate. For the CWRP, the modules are stacked into towers 14 units high (with room for an additional fifteenth module in the future), and the towers are arranged in 8 rows of 6 towers (8X6) within each membrane bioreactor tank for a total of 672 modules per tank. To attain the 13.0 MGD permeate capacity with conservative flux rates, 20 membrane bioreactor tanks are required resulting in 13,440 individual ceramic membrane modules. The sheer number of membrane modules and tanks posed flow distribution, perceived operational, and access challenges for the design team. These were overcome in close collaboration with the membrane manufacturer by optimizing the in-tank membrane towers, baffles, scour air piping, permeate piping, and foam spray piping for a custom solution that emphasizes fast and easy online removal of individual membrane towers for ex-situ cleaning when/if necessary (“sludged” membranes are the bane of MBRs) while maintaining design parameters for each individual tank that are within the manufacturer’s guidelines and recommendations. Thus the 20 membrane bioreactor tanks are operated and maintained both individually as separate units and as a holistic process. The CWRP, when completed, will be the world’s largest ceramic membrane bioreactor that will highlight how advanced treatment technologies can support reliable and resilient reuse water production for high-demand users like Colossus and TVA.