This presentation examines how Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Survey (SSES) results are commonly translated into rehabilitation recommendations and why a defect-driven, “if defect, then repair” mindset often leads to inefficient use of limited funding. While modern SSES programs generate large volumes of inspection and flow data, the most hydraulically significant sources of infiltration and inflow (I/I) are not always the most numerous or the most visible in CCTV inspection results. The presentation outlines an integrated SSES workflow that emphasizes interpretation of flow monitoring, smoke testing, floodplain analysis, and field investigation alongside traditional CCTV inspection. Particular attention is given to the role of surface inflow sources—such as defective cleanouts, service laterals, frame and cover assemblies, and site-specific conditions—that frequently produce a disproportionate impact on peak wet-weather flows. Examples are presented where both “low-hanging fruit” repairs and isolated “smoking gun” defects were identified outside of standard inspection workflows and addressed at relatively low cost. Case studies from completed sewer rehabilitation projects are used to demonstrate how targeted repairs can significantly reduce peak wet-weather flows and system peaking factors, often with greater effectiveness than more capital-intensive mainline rehabilitation. Pre- and post-rehabilitation flow monitoring data are presented to illustrate how reducing peak response, rather than focusing solely on groundwater infiltration, can materially reduce overflow frequency and improve overall system performance. The presentation highlights the importance of asking the right question at the conclusion of an SSES—not simply what defects exist, but which repairs will measurably change how the system behaves during a storm event. The goal is to provide utilities and practitioners with a practical framework for developing defensible, performance-based rehabilitation recommendations that align limited funding with the defects that matter most.